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1. General
Situation
The deportation of
anti-Soviet elements from the Baltic Republics is a task of great political
importance. Its successful execution depends upon the extent to which the
district operative "troikas" and operative headquarters are capable of
carefully working out a plan for executing the operations and for anticipating
everything indispensable.
Moreover, care must be
taken that the operations are carried out without disturbances and panic, so as
not to permit any demonstrations and other trouble not only on the part of
those to be deported, but also on the part of a certain section of the
surrounding population hostile to the Soviet administration.
Instructions as to the
procedure for conducting the operations are given below. They should be adhered
to, but in individual cases the collaborators engaged in carrying out the
operations shall take into account the special character of the concrete
conditions of such operations and, in order correctly to appraise the
situation, may and must adopt other decision directed to the same end, viz., to
fulfill the task entrusted to them without noise and panic.
2. Procedure of
Instructing
The instructing of
operative groups by the district "troika" shall be done as speedily as possible
on the day before the beginning of the operations, taking into consideration
the time necessary for travelling to the scene of operations.
The district "troika"
shall previously prepare the necessary transport for conveyance of the
operative groups in the village to the scene of operations.
On the question of
allocating the necessary number of motor-cars and wagons for transport, the
district "troika" shall consult the leaders of the Soviet party organized on
the spot.
Premises for the issue of
instructions must be carefully prepared in advance, and their capacity, exits
and entrances and the possibility of intrusion by strangers must be
considered.
Whilst instructions are
being issued the building must be carefully guarded by operative workers.
Should anybody from
amongst those participating in the operation fail to appear for instructions,
the district "troika" shall at once take steps to replace the absentee from a
reserve which shall be provided in advance.
Through police officers
the "troika" shall notify to those assembled a division of the government for
the deportation of a prescribed number contingent of anti-Soviet elements from
the territory of the said republic or region. Moreover, they shall briefly
explain what the deportees represent.
The special attention of
the (local) Soviet party workers gathered for instructions shall be drawn to
the fact that the deportees are enemies of the Soviet people and that the
possibility of an armed attack on the part of the deportees cannot be
excluded.
3. Procedure for
Acquisition of Documents
After the general
instructions of the operative groups, documents regarding the deportees should
be issued to such groups. The deportees' personal files must be previously
collected and distributed among the operative groups, by communes and villages,
so that when they are being given out there shall be no delays.
After receipt of personal
files, the senior member of the operative group shall acquaint himself with the
personal affairs of the families which he will have to deport. He shall,
moreover, ascertain the composition of the family, the supply of essential
forms for completion regarding the deportee, the supply of transport for
conveyance of the deportee, and he shall receive exhaustive answers to
questions not clear to him.
Simultaneously with the
issuing of documents, the district "troika" shall explain to each senior member
of the operative group where the families to be exported are situated and shall
describe the route to be followed to the place of deportation. The roads to be
taken by the operative personnel with the deported families to the railway
station for entrainment shall be indicated. It is also essential to indicate
where reserve military groups are stationed, should it be necessary to call
them out during trouble of any kind.
The possession and state
of arms and ammunition of the entire operative personnel shall be checked.
Weapons must be in complete battle readiness and magazines loaded, but the
cartridge shall not be slipped into the rifle breech. Weapons shall be used
only as a last resort, when the operative group is attacked or threatened with
attack or when resistance is offered.
4. Procedure for
Carrying out Deportations
If the deportation of
several families is being carried out in a settled locality, one of the
operative workers shall be appointed senior as regards deportation in that
village, and under his direction the operative personnel shall proceed to the
villages in question. On arrival in the villages, the operative group shall get
in touch (observing the necessary secrecy) with the local authorities; the
chairman, secretary or members of the village soviets, and shall ascertain from
them the exact dwelling-place of the families to be deported.
After this the operative
groups, together with the representatives of the local authorities, who shall
be appointed to make an inventory of property, shall proceed to the dwellings
of the families to be deported. Operations shall begin at daybreak. Upon
entering the home of the person to be deported, the senior member of the
operative group shall assemble the entire family of the deportee into one room,
taking all necessary precautionary measures against any possible trouble.
After the members of the
family have been checked in conformity with the list, the location of those
absent and the number of sick persons shall be ascertained, after which they
shall be called upon to give up their weapons. Irrespective of whether or not
any weapons are delivered, the deportee shall be personally searched and then
the entire premises shall be searched in order to discover hidden weapons.
During the search of the
premises one of the members of the operative group shall be appointed to keep
watch over the deportees.
Should the search disclose
hidden weapons in small quantities, these shall be collected by the operative
groups and distributed among them. If many weapons are discovered, they shall
be piled into the wagon or motor-car which has brought the operative group,
after any ammunition in them has been removed. Ammunition shall be packed
together with rifles.
If necessary, a convoy for
transporting the weapons shall be mobilized with an adequate guard.
In the event of the
discovery of weapons, counter-revolutionary pamphlets, literature, foreign
currency, large quantities of valuables etc., a brief report of search shall be
drawn up on the spot, wherein the hidden weapons or counter-revolutionary
literature shall be indicated. If there is any armed resistance, the question
of the necessity of arresting the parties, showing such armed resistance, and
of sending them to the district branch of the People's Commissariat of Public
Security shall be decided by the district "troika".
A report shall be drawn up
regarding the deportees in hiding or sick ones, and this report shall be signed
by the representative of the Soviet party organization.
After completing the
search of the deportees they shall be notified that by a Government decision
they will be deported to other regions of the Union.
The deportees shall be
permitted to take with them household necessities not exceeding 100 kilograms
in weight.
1. Suit. 2. Shoes. 3.
Underwear. 4. Bedding. 5. Dishes. 6. Glassware. 7. Kitchen utensils. 8. Foods,
an estimated month's supply for a family. 9. Money in their possession. 10.
Trunk or box in which to pack articles. It is not recommended that large
articles be taken.
If the contingent is
deported from rural districts, they shall be allowed to take with them small
agricultural stocks-axes, saws, and other articles, so that when boarding the
deportation train they may be loaded into special goods wagons.
In order not to mix them
with articles belonging to others, the Christian name, patronymic and surname
of the deportee and name of the village shall be written on the packed
property.
When loading these
articles into the carts, measures shall be taken so that the deportee cannot
make use of them for purposes of resistance while the column is moving along
the highway.
Simultaneously with the
task of loading by the operative groups, the representatives of the Soviet
party organizations present at the time prepare an inventory of the property
and of the manner of its protection in conformity with the instructions
received by them.
If the deportee possesses
his own means of transport, his property shall be loaded into the vehicle and
together with his family shall be sent to the designated place of
entrainment.
If the deportees are
without means of transport, carts shall be mobilized in the village by the
local authorities, as instructed by the senior member of the operative
group.
All persons entering the
home of the deportee during the execution of the operations or found there at
the moment of these operations must be detained until the conclusion of the
operations, and their relationship to the deportee shall be ascertained. This
is done in order to disclose persons hiding from the police, gendarmes and
other persons. After verification of the identity of the detained persons and
establishment of the fact that they are persons in whom the contingent is not
interested they shall be liberated.
If the inhabitants of the
village begin to gather around the deportees' home while operations are in
progress, they shall be called upon to disperse to their own homes, and crowds
shall not be permitted to form. If the deportee refuses to open the door of his
home, notwithstanding that he is aware that the members of the People's
Commissariat for Public Security have arrived, the door must be broken down. In
individual cases neighbouring operative groups carrying out operations in that
locality shall be called upon to help.
The delivery of the
deportees from the village to the meeting place at the railway station must be
effected during daylight; care, moreover, should be taken that the assembling
of every family shall not last more than two hours.
In all cases throughout
the operations firm and decisive action shall be taken, without the slightest
excitement, noise and panic.
It is categorically
forbidden to take any articles away from the deportees except weapons,
counter-revolutionary literature and foreign currency, as also to make use of
the deportees food.
All participants in the
operations must be warned that they will be held legally accountable for
attempts to appropriate individual articles belonging to the deportees.
5. Procedure for
Separating a Deportee's Family from the Head of the Family
In view of the fact that a
large number of deportees must be arrested and distributed in special camps and
that their families must proceed to special settlements in distant regions, it
is essential that the operations of removal of both the members of the
deportee's family and its head shall be carried out simultaneously, without
notifying them of the separation confronting them. After the domiciliary search
has been carried out and the appropriate identification documents have been
drawn up in the deportee's home, the operative worker shall complete the
documents for the head of the family and deposit them in the latter's personal
file, but the documents drawn up for members of his family shall be deposited
in the personal file of the deportee's family. The convoy of the entire family
to the station shall, however, be effected in one vehicle and only at the
station of departure shall the head of the family be placed separately from his
family in a car specially intended for heads of families.
During the assembling (of
the family) in the home of the deportee the head of the family shall be warned
that personal male effects must be packed in a separate suitcase, as a sanitary
inspection of the deported men will be made separately from the women and
children.
At the stations of
entrainment heads of families subject to arrest shall be loaded into cars
specially allotted to them, which shall be indicated by operative workers
appointed for that purpose.
6. Procedure for
convoying the Deportees
The assistants convoying
the column of deportees in horse-carts are strictly forbidden to sit in the
said carts. The assistants must follow alongside and behind the column of
deportees. The senior assistant of the convoy shall from time of time go the
rounds of the entire column to check the correctness of the movement.
When the column of the
deportees is passing through inhabited places or when encountering passers-by,
the convoy must be controlled with particular care; those in charge must see
that no attempts are made to escape, and no conversation of any kind shall be
permitted between the deportees and passers-by.
7. Procedure for
Entrainment
At each point of
entrainment a member of the operative "troika" and a person specially appointed
for that purpose shall be responsible for entrainment.
On the day of entrainment
the chief of the entrainment point, together with the chief of the deportation
train and of the convoying military forces of the People's Commissariat of
Internal Affairs, shall examine the railway cars provided in order to see that
they are supplied with everything necessary, and the chief of the entrainment
point shall agree with the chief of the deportation train on the procedure to
be observed by the latter in accepting delivery of the deportees.
Red Army men of the
convoying forces of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs shall
surround the entrainment station.
The senior members of the
operative group shall deliver to the chief of the deportation train one copy of
the nominal roll of the deportees in each railway car. The chief of the
deportation train shall, in conformity with this list, call out the name of
each deportee, shall carefully check every name and assign the deportee's place
in the railway-car.
The deportee's effects
shall be loaded into the car, together with the deportee, with the exception of
the small agricultural inventory, which shall be loaded in a separate car.
The deportees shall be
loaded into railway-cars by families; it is permitted to break up a family
(with the exception of heads of families subject to arrest). An estimate of
twenty-five persons to a car should be observed.
After the railway-car has
been filled with the necessary number of families, it shall be locked.
After the people have been
taken over and placed in the deportation train, the chief of the train shall
bear responsibility for all persons handed over to him and for their delivery
to their destination. After handling over the deportees the senior member of
the operative group shall draw up a report on the operation carried out by him
and briefly indicate the name of the deportee, whether any weapon and
counter-revolutionary literature has been discovered, and also how the
operation was carried out.
After having placed the
deportees on the deportation train and having submitted reports of operation
results to be thus discharged, the members of the operative group shall be
considered free and shall act in accordance with the instruction of the chief
of the district branch of the People's Commissariat of Public Security.
Deputy People's Commissar
of Public Security of the USSR.
Commissar of Public
Security of the third Rank (signed):
SEROV. |
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